Solar Terrestrial Activity Report

Activity chart

Last major update issued on October 25, 2021 at 09:35 UT.

Charts (* = updated daily) Data and archive
  Solar wind (*) Solar and geomagnetic data - last month (*)
  Electron fluence (*) Archived daily reports and monthly data since 2003.01 (October 3, 2021)
Solar cycle Solar cycles 23-25 (October 1, 2021) Historical solar and geomagnetic data charts 1954-2006 (April 5, 2007)
  Cycle 24-25 progress (October 1, 2021) Noon SDO sunspot count 1K image / 4K (*)
  Solar cycles 1-24 (June 1, 2020) POES auroral activity level October 2009 - December 2012]
  Comparison of cycles 21-25 (October 1, 2021) 3rd SSN Workshop, Tucson, 2013
  Comparison of cycles 12-14, 16, 24-25 (October 1, 2021) 4th SSN Workshop, Locarno, 2014
  Solar polar fields vs. solar cycles (August 22, 2021) Cycle 25 spots (final update December 25, 2019)
  Solar cycles 24-25 transition using 365d smoothing Research: Solar Cycle 25 Started on November 17, 2019 with 365 Days Smoothing

Recent activity

The geomagnetic field was very quiet on October 24. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to unsettled conditions.

Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 93.2 - increasing 7.9 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 80.22). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 4 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 3.6). Three hour interval K indices: 11011111 (planetary), 01111321 (Boulder), 10001233 (Andenes).

The background x-ray flux is at the class B3 level (GOES 16).

At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 8 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 133) and in 5 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 82) SDO/HMI images.

Region 12886 [S18W13] was quiet and stable.
Region 12887 [S23E39] has weak polarity intermixing and could produce C flares. Note that SWPC has not split off the spot group in the south.
New region 12888 [S13E68] rotated into view on October 23 and was numbered the next day by SWPC.

Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted differently) by SWPC:
S7136 [N23W00] was quiet and stable.
S7142
[S27E44] has polarity intermixing. C and minor M class flares are possible.
New region S7147 [S23E69] rotated into view with tiny spots.
New region S7148 [N21E35] emerged with a tiny spot.
New region S7149 [N01E30] emerged with a tiny spot, this is likely an SC24 group.

C2+ flares:

Magnitude Peak time (UT) Location AR Recorded by Comment
           

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs)

October 22-24: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed in available LASCO imagery.

Coronal holes

[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago: 28 days ago 27 days ago 26 days ago]

No obvious coronal holes are currently in or near Earth facing positions.

Propagation

Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.

Forecast

The geomagnetic field is expected to be quiet on October 25-28.

Coronal holes (1) Coronal mass ejection (2) M and X class flares (3)
     

1) Effects from a coronal hole could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.

Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.

Active solar regions


(Click on image for 2K resolution). 4K resolution. Compare to the previous day's image.
0.5K image

When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.

Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are red colored.

Active region SWPC date numbered
STAR detected
Spot count Location at midnight Area Classification SDO / HMI 4K continuum
image with magnetic polarity overlays
Comment
SWPC/
USAF
Magnetic
(SDO)
SWPC STAR Current Previous
2K 1K
S7126 2021.10.15       N21W48            
S7127 2021.10.15       N19W58            
S7130 2021.10.16       S19W51            
12886 2021.10.17
2021.10.18
1 2 1 S19W15 0110 HSX CSO

area: 0130

S7135 2021.10.18       N22W42          
S7136 2021.10.19   1   N23W00 0002   AXX  
S7139 2021.10.20       S31W24            
S7140 2021.10.21       S17W41            
12887 2021.10.21
2021.10.22
14 11 7 S25E40 0440 DKI DAO beta-gamma

location: S23E39

area: 0250

SWPC data includes AR S7142

S7142 2021.10.21   31 21 S27E44 0220   DAI beta-gamma

reversed polarities

S7143 2021.10.22       S13E16            
S7144 2021.10.22       N14E18            
S7145 2021.10.23       S24E11          
12888 2021.10.23
2021.10.24
1 2 1 S15E66 0020 HSX CRO location: S13E68
S7147 2021.10.24   4 2 S23E69 0010   BXO    
S7148 2021.10.24   1   N21E35 0001   AXX    
S7149 2021.10.24   1   N01E30 0001   AXX    
Total spot count: 16 53 32  
Sunspot number: 46 133 82  (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions)
Weighted SN: 36 71 50  (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10)
Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): 51 73 66  

Monthly solar cycle data

Month Average solar flux International sunspot number
(WDC-SILSO)
Smoothed sunspot number (4) Average ap
(3)
Measured 1 AU
2014.02 170.3
(cycle peak)
166.3 146.1 (cycle peak) 110.5 10.70
2014.04 143.9 144.8 112.5 116.4 (solar max) 7.88
2017.09 91.3 92.3 43.6 18.2 (-1.3) 18.22
(cycle peak)
2019.11 70.2 68.7 0.5 2.0 (-0.6)
(Solar minimum using 365d smoothing:
November 17, 2019)
4.19
2019.12 70.8 68.6 1.6 1.8 (-0.2)
(ISN 13 months smoothed
solar minimum)
3.22
2020.04 69.5 70.0 5.4 3.6 (+0.6) 5.32
2020.05 69.0 70.6 0.2 5.6 (+2.0) 3.80
2020.06 69.5 71.7 5.8 7.9 (+2.3) 3.75
2020.07 69.5 71.8 6.3 9.0 (+1.1) 4.28
2020.08 71.6 73.4 7.6 9.5 (+0.5) 5.68
2020.09 70.7 71.4 0.7 10.5 (+1.0) 8.59
2020.10 74.6 74.2 14.6 11.9 (+1.4) 6.13
2020.11 89.9 88.0 34.5 13.6 (+1.7) 4.77
2020.12 86.9 84.2 23.1 15.3 (+1.7) 4.72
2021.01 76.0 73.6 10.4 17.3 (+2.0) 4.39
2021.02 74.3 72.4 8.3 19.1 (+1.8) 9.50
2021.03 76.0 75.2 17.3 21.8 (+2.7) 10.17
2021.04 75.9 76.4 24.5 (26.0 projected, +4.2) 8.40
2021.05 75.3 77.1 21.2 (28.7 projected, +2.7) 6.50
2021.06 79.4 81.8 25.3 (31.9 projected, +3.2) 5.52
2021.07 81.0 83.6 34.4 (36.5 projected, +4.6) 5.51
2021.08 77.7 79.7 22.4 (41.1 projected, +4.6) 6.19
2021.09 87.0 88.2 51.5 (46.8 projected, +5.7) 6.33
2021.10 83.6 (1)   17.1 (2A) / 22.1 (2B) / 37.3 (2C) (51.2 projected, +4.4) (7.9)
2021.11       (55.8 projected, +4.6)  
2021.12       (61.7 projected, +5.9)  
2022.01       (65.3 projected, +3.6)  
2022.02       (70.0 projected, +4.7)  
2022.03       (75.4 projected, +5.4)  

1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red are based on the definitive international GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.

Solar cycles 24-25

Smoothed SF and sunspot numbers

 

This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.

SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.