The geomagnetic field was quiet to unsettled on September 10. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 382 and 527 km/sec. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 135.9 - increasing 10.4 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 110.88). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 12 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 12.3). Three hour interval K indices: 32323332 (planetary), 32323332 (Boulder), 42234454 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C1 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 15 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 310) and in 11 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 173) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13092 [S09W52] was quiet and stable.
Region 13094 [N20W24] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13096 [N18E20] decayed slowly and quietly losing all mature
penumbra.
Region 13097 [S11W40] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13098 [N19W10] developed gaining spots and area despite
splitting off AR S7858. C1 flares: C1.2 @ 07:03, C1.1 @ 07:21 UT
New region 13099 [N12E32] emerged on September 9 and was numbered by
SWPC the following day later as the region began to decay.13101
New region 13100 [S24E51] rotated into view on September 8 and was
numbered by SWPC 2 days later as the region gained spots and area. The
region has polarity intermixing and a minor M class flare is possible. C1
flares: C1.0 @ 02:09, C1.2 @ 07:46, C1.6 @ 21:57 UT
New region 13101 [N29W55] emerged with many small spots. C flares are
possible.
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S7842 [S25E07] was quiet and stable as a leader spot reemerged.
S7843 [N12E26] decayed slowly and quietly.
New region S7857 [N23W06] emerged to the north of AR 13098 and caused
parts of CH1098 to close.
New region S7858 [N15W08] was split off from AR 13098.
New region S7859 [N19W43] emerged with tiny spots.
New region S7860 [S17E74] rotated into view with tiny spots. C1
flare: C1.9 @ 09:02 UT
New region S7861 [S02E33] emerged near equator with a tiny spot.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C2.6/1F | 11:19 | S23E60 | 13100 | GOES16 | |
| C2.2 | 21:57 | 13100 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.8 | 00:09 (on Sept.11) | 13100 | GOES16 |
September 8-10: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1098) was Earth facing on September 10. Another northern hemisphere coronal hole (CH1099) will likely rotate across the central meridian on September 13-14.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet to unsettled conditions are expected on September 11-12. Quiet to unsettled conditions are possible on September 13-14 due to effects from CH1098.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13092 | 2022.08.31 2022.09.01 |
1 | 8 | 2 | S09W54 | 0060 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
location: S09W52 area: 0090 |
| 13093 | 2022.08.31 2022.09.02 |
S26W67 |
location: S29W59 |
||||||||
| 13094 | 2022.09.02 2022.09.02 |
1 | 11 | 3 | N20W27 | 0010 | AXX | BXO |
 |
 |
location: N20W24 area: 0030 |
| 13097 | 2022.09.05 2022.09.07 |
3 | 5 | 2 | S11W39 | 0010 | BXO | BXO |
 |
 |
area: 0013 location: S11W40 |
| S7840 | 2022.09.05 | N17W22 | |||||||||
| 13096 | 2022.09.05 2022.09.06 |
7 | 25 | 8 | N16E19 | 0100 | DAO | DRI |
 |
 |
location: N18E20 area: 0070 |
| S7842 | 2022.09.05 | 4 | S25E07 | 0006 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S7843 | 2022.09.06 | 9 | 3 | N12E26 | 0015 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| 13098 | 2022.09.06 2022.09.08 |
12 | 31 | 17 | N18W08 | 0060 | CAO | DRI |
 |
 |
area: 0120 location: N19W10 |
| S7845 | 2022.09.06 | S09E05 | |||||||||
| S7847 | 2022.09.07 | N32W50 | |||||||||
| S7848 | 2022.09.07 | S24W22 | |||||||||
| S7849 | 2022.09.08 | N15W38 | |||||||||
| 13100 | 2022.09.08 2022.09.10 |
11 | 20 | 8 | S25E48 | 0070 | CSI | EAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma location: S24E51 area: 0120 |
| S7851 | 2022.09.08 | S27W48 | |||||||||
| 13099 | 2022.09.09 2022.09.10 |
2 | 5 | 1 | N12E32 | 0020 | CRO | CRO |
 |
 |
|
| S7853 | 2022.09.09 | S04E04 |
 |
||||||||
| S7854 | 2022.09.09 | S16E14 |
 |
||||||||
| 13101 | 2022.09.10 2022.09.10 |
5 | 19 | 9 | N29W57 | 0010 | BXO | CRI |
 |
was AR S7856 area: 0050 location: N29W55 |
|
| S7857 | 2022.09.10 | 5 | 3 | N23W06 | 0020 | CRO |
 |
||||
| S7858 | 2022.09.10 | 12 | 7 | N15W08 | 0025 | DRO |
 |
split off from AR 13098 | |||
| S7859 | 2022.09.10 | 2 | N19W43 | 0002 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S7860 | 2022.09.10 | 3 | S17E74 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
|||||
| S7861 | 2022.09.10 | 1 | S02E33 | 0001 | AXX |
 |
|||||
| Total spot count: | 42 | 160 | 63 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 122 | 310 | 173 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 65 | 188 | 91 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 134 | 171 | 138 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (cycle peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.02 | 74.3 | 72.4 | 8.2 | 19.0 (+1.7) | 9.50 |
| 2021.03 | 76.0 | 75.2 | 17.2 | 21.7 (+2.7) | 10.17 |
| 2021.04 | 75.9 | 76.4 | 24.5 | 24.8 (+3.1) | 8.40 |
| 2021.05 | 75.3 | 77.1 | 21.2 | 25.8 (+1.0) | 6.50 |
| 2021.06 | 79.4 | 81.8 | 25.0 | 27.6 (+1.8) | 5.52 |
| 2021.07 | 81.0 | 83.6 | 34.3 | 31.4 (+3.8) | 5.51 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.4 (+4.0) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.2 (+4.8) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.2 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | 50.8 (+5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.8 (+4.7) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | (68.7 projected, +3.9) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.1 | (73.9 projected, +5.2) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | (80.3 projected, +6.4) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.5 | (86.2 projected, +5.9) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | (93.4 projected, +7.2) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 75.4 | (100.0 projected, +6.6) | 10.92 |
| 2022.09 | 126.9 (1) | 24.8 (2A) / 74.5 (2B) / 104.5 (2C) | (104.9 projected, +4.9) | (21.4) | |
| 2022.10 | (108.1 projected, +3.2) | ||||
| 2022.11 | (110.9 projected, +2.8) | ||||
| 2022.12 | (115.7 projected, +4.8) | ||||
| 2023.01 | (121.7 projected, +6.0) | ||||
| 2023.02 | (126.7 projected, +5.0) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (142.5 projected max SC25) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
