The geomagnetic field was quiet on April 14. Solar wind speed at SOHO ranged between 347 and 408 km/sec. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to minor storm levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 171.3 - increasing 31.0 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 139.51). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 6 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 5.8). Three hour interval K indices: 20122212 (planetary), 11223311 (Boulder), 30023215 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C2 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 17 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 422) and in 15 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 271) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13272 [S21W29] decayed quickly losing
many spots and all mature penumbra.
Region 13273 [N09W42] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13275 [N19E09] was quiet and stable.
Region 13276 [S22E20] was quiet and stable.
Region 13277 [N10W19] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13279 [S20E38] expanded further and has a fairly simple
magnetic layout. C1 flares: C1.9 @ 01:39 UT
Region 13280 [S08W43] developed further with several small magnetic
deltas in the trailing spot section. An M class flare is possible.
Region 13281 [S23E53] gained area and has major flare potential.
Region 13282 [N11E52] continued to develop quickly and is a compact
region with a small magnetic delta in the southern central spot section. A
major flare is possible. C1 flares: C1.7 @ 09:01, C1.5 @ 18:06 UT
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S8445 [N24W07] was quiet and stable.
S8455 [N22W21] was quiet and stable.
S8463 [N17E54] was quiet and stable.
S8464 [S14E24] was quiet and stable.
S8465 [S24E72] gained a few spots and was mostly quiet.
S8466 [S19E71] was quiet and stable.
New region S8467 [N08E27] emerged with tiny
spots.
New region S8468 [N38E26] emerged at a high latitude with tiny spots.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C2.1 | 01:00 | 13279 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.1 | 01:05 | 13280 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.0 | 01:50 | 13281? | GOES16 | ||
| C2.1 | 02:44 | 13279 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.1 | 03:37 | 13280 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.2 | 05:16 | S22E66 | 13281 | GOES16 | |
| C2.9 | 06:22 | 13281 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.7 | 06:48 | 13280 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.3 | 10:52 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.8 | 11:02 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.1 | 11:51 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.9/1F | 12:55 | N12E57 | 13282 | GOES16 | |
| C3.7/1F | 13:21 | N11E53 | 13282 | GOES16 | |
| C3.2 | 13:45 | S08W33 | 13280 | GOES16 | |
| C2.1 | 14:54 | 13282 | GOES16 | simultaneous flare in AR 13280 | |
| C2.3 | 15:49 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.1 | 16:18 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.3 | 16:59 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.4 | 17:13 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.4 | 17:22 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C3.0 | 19:07 | S10W41 | 13280 | GOES16 | |
| C3.1 | 19:26 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C4.5 | 19:56 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.9 | 20:27 | S8265 | GOES16 | ||
| C6.2 | 20:45 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| C5.1 | 21:01 | 13282 | GOES16 | ||
| M1.5 | 23:27 | 13282 | GOES16 |
April 12-14: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A couple of positive polarity coronal holes have recently rotated across the central meridian, they are both likely to be too far north and south to cause a geomagnetic disturbance.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet conditions are likely on April 15-17.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13272 | 2023.04.05 2023.04.06 |
12 | 38 | 17 | S23W29 | 0060 | CAO | ERI |
 |
 |
location: S21W29 |
| S8434 | 2023.04.05 | S07W48 | |||||||||
| S8439 | 2023.04.07 | S29W58 | |||||||||
| 13274 | 2023.04.08 2023.04.10 |
S07W60 |
 |
location: S07W56 | |||||||
| 13278 | 2023.04.08 2023.04.12 |
N12W59 |
 |
||||||||
| 13273 | 2023.04.09 2023.04.09 |
1 | 9 | 2 | N09W43 | 0030 | HSX | CRO |
 |
 |
location: N09W42 |
| 13275 | 2023.04.09 2023.04.10 |
1 | 7 | 2 | N19E09 | 0030 | HAX | HAX |
 |
 |
area: 0040 |
| S8445 | 2023.04.09 | 3 | 1 | N22W21 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S8446 | 2023.04.09 | N27W41 | |||||||||
| S8447 | 2023.04.09 | S09W32 | |||||||||
| 13276 | 2023.04.10 2023.04.10 |
1 | 5 | 1 | S22E21 | 0010 | AXX | CRO |
 |
 |
location: S22E20 |
| 13277 | 2023.04.10 2023.04.11 |
1 | 1 | N10W19 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| 13279 | 2023.04.10 2023.04.12 |
22 | 62 | 33 | S21E38 | 0180 | EAI | ESI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma location: S20E38 |
| S8455 | 2023.04.10 | 1 | 1 | N24W07 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S8456 | 2023.04.10 | S09W15 | |||||||||
| S8457 | 2023.04.10 | S33W50 | |||||||||
| S8459 | 2023.04.11 | N09W07 |
 |
||||||||
| 13280 | 2023.04.11 2023.04.13 |
20 | 52 | 29 | S09W41 | 0180 | DAI | EAI |
 |
 |
beta-gamma-delta location: S08W41 area: 0380 |
| 13281 | 2023.04.12 2023.04.13 |
8 | 26 | 13 | S24E55 | 0220 | DKO | EKO |
 |
 |
location: S23E53 area: 0610 |
| 13282 | 2023.04.13 2023.04.13 |
8 | 31 | 14 | N11E52 | 0280 | DKO | EKC |
 |
 |
beta-delta area: 0460 |
| S8463 | 2023.04.13 | 2 | N17E54 | 0004 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S8464 | 2023.04.13 | 4 | 2 | S14E24 | 0013 | CRO |
 |
 |
|||
| S8465 | 2023.04.13 | 4 | 2 | S24E72 | 0010 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S8466 | 2023.04.13 | 1 | S19E71 | 0003 | AXX |
 |
 |
||||
| S8467 | 2023.04.14 | 4 | 1 | N08E27 | 0008 | BXO |
 |
||||
| S8468 | 2023.04.14 | 2 | 2 | N38E26 | 0006 | AXX |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 73 | 252 | 121 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 153 | 422 | 271 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 118 | 299 | 168 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 168 | 232 | 217 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.2 (+4.8) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.2 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | 50.8 (+5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.7 (+4.6) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | 68.7 (+4.0) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.0 | 73.0 (+4.3) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | 77.4 (+4.4) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.3 | 81.1 (+3.7) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | 86.7 (+5.6) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 74.6 | 92.5 (+5.8) | 10.92 |
| 2022.09 | 135.1 | 136.5 | 96.0 | 96.4 (+3.9) | 12.18 |
| 2022.10 | 133.5 | 132.7 | 95.5 | (99.0 projected, +2.6) | 11.16 |
| 2022.11 | 123.4 | 120.7 | 80.5 | (102.0 projected, +3.0) | 9.33 |
| 2022.12 | 147.9 | 143.4 | 112.8 | (106.8 projected, +4.8) | 10.99 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 143.6 | (112.9 projected, +6.1) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 110.9 | (117.9 projected, +5.0) | 14.48 (current SC25 peak) |
| 2023.03 | 157.2 | 155.6 | 122.6 | (121.0 projected, +3.1) | 14.42 |
| 2023.04 | 141.1 (1) | 33.2 (2A) / 71.1 (2B) / 130.7 (2C) | (126.4 projected, +5.4) | (8.4) | |
| 2023.05 | (132.1 projected, +5.7) | ||||
| 2023.06 | (135.2 projected, +3.1) | ||||
| 2023.07 | (134.7 projected, -0.5) | ||||
| 2023.08 | (135.7 projected, +1.0) | ||||
| 2023.09 | (139.2 projected, +3.5) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (142.5 projected max SC25) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
