The geomagnetic field was quiet on March 28. Solar wind speed at SOHO was unavailable. The high latitude magnetometer at Andenes recorded quiet to unsettled levels.
Solar flux density measured at 20h UT on 2.8 GHz was 158.7 - decreasing 3.3 over the previous solar rotation. (Centered 1 year average SF at 1 AU - 183 days ago: 138.63). The Potsdam WDC planetary A index was 4 (STAR Ap - based on the mean of three hour interval ap indices: 4.1). Three hour interval K indices: 21112111 (planetary), 11113312 (Boulder), 30012233 (Andenes).
The background x-ray flux is at the class C1 level (GOES 16).
At the time of counting spots (see image time), spots were observed in 16 active regions using 2K resolution (SN: 293) and in 14 active regions using 1K resolution (SN: 206) SDO/HMI images.
Region 13256 [S22W62] developed further in the
trailing spot section and a magnetic delta formed. The region was the source
of an X1.2 flare at 02:33 on March 29. A split into 2 regions is still being
considered as the leading penumbra appears to have become orphaned by the
development in the trailing spots. C1 flares: C1.9 @ 07:18, C1.6 @ 15:09,
C1.5 @ 16:46, C1.4 @ 17:18, C1.5 @ 20:28 UT
Region 13257 [S27W46] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13259 [S17W50] decayed slowly and quietly.
Region 13260 [N23W46] was quiet and stable.
Region 13262 [S18W07] was quiet and stable.
Region 13263 [N18W54] developed early in the day, then decayed slowly
again. C1 flares: C1.4 @ 09:00, C1.4 @ 19:36, C1.8 @ 22:39 UT
Region 13264 [N15E19] was quiet and stable.
Region 13265 [N20W31] decayed slowly and was mostly quiet. C1 flares:
C1.7 @ 10:45 UT
Spotted regions not observed (or interpreted
differently) by SWPC:
S8398 [N18W05] was quiet and stable.
S8399 [N14W26] decayed slowly and quietly.
S8400 [N09E55] developed slowly and quietly.
S8405 [S06W17] developed slowly and quietly.
S8406 [S17E58] was quiet and stable.
S8407 [S22E12] decayed slowly and quietly.
New region S8408 [N12E72] rotated into view
with a small spot.
New region S8409 [S23E37] emerged with several spots.
C2+ flares:
| Magnitude | Peak time (UT) | Location | Source | Recorded by | Comment |
| C2.0 | 13:50 | 13256 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.3 | 15:47 | S22W47 | 13256 | GOES16 | |
| C2.6 | 19:07 | behind SW limb | probably S8401 | GOES16 | |
| C2.2 | 21:52 | 13265 | GOES16 | ||
| C2.7 | 23:12 | S22W57 | 13256 | GOES16 |
March 26-28: No obviously Earth directed CMEs were observed.
[Coronal hole history (since October 2002)]
[Compare today's report to the situation one solar rotation ago:
28 days ago
27 days ago
26 days ago]
A recurrent trans equatorial coronal hole (CH1138) will be Earth facing on March 27-29.
Long distance low and medium frequency (below 2 MHz) propagation along paths north of due west over upper middle and high latitudes is poor to fair. Propagation on long distance northeast-southwest paths is poor.
Quiet conditions are expected for March 29. Quiet to active is likely on March 30-31 due to effects from CH1138.
| Coronal holes (1) | Coronal mass ejection (2) | M and X class flares (3) |
1) Effects from a coronal hole
could reach Earth within the next 5 days. When the high speed
stream has arrived the color changes to green.
2) Effects from a CME are likely to be observed at Earth within 96 hours.
3) There is a possibility of either M or X class flares within the next 48 hours.
Green: 0-30% probability, Yellow: 30-70% probability, Red: 70-100% probability.
(Click on image for 2K resolution).
4K resolution.
Compare to the previous day's image. 0.5K image
When available the active region map has a coronal hole polarity overlay where red (pink) is negative and blue is positive.
Data for all officially numbered solar regions according to the Solar Region Summary provided by NOAA/SWPC, all other regions are numbered sequentially as they emerge using the STAR spot number. Comments are my own, as is the STAR spot count (spots observed at or inside a few hours before midnight) and data for regions not numbered by SWPC or where SWPC has observed no spots. SWPC active region numbers in the table below and in the active region map above are the historic SWPC/USAF numbers. SWPC data considered to be not sufficiently precise (location, area, classification) are colored red.
| Active region | SWPC date numbered STAR detected |
Spot count | Location at midnight | Area | Classification | SDO / HMI 4K continuum image with magnetic polarity overlays |
Comment | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SWPC/ USAF |
Magnetic (SDO) |
SWPC | STAR | Current | Previous | ||||||
| 2K | 1K | ||||||||||
| 13256 | 2023.03.16 2023.03.17 |
10 | 24 | 15 | S22W62 | 0340 | FHO | FHI |
 |
 |
beta-delta area: 0450 |
| 13257 | 2023.03.18 2023.03.18 |
2 | 9 | 4 | S28W47 | 0050 | HAX | CSO |
 |
 |
location: S27W46 |
| 13259 | 2023.03.18 2023.03.19 |
3 | 1 | S17W46 | 0005 | AXX |
 |
 |
location: S17W50 | ||
| 13258 | 2023.03.18 | 1 | N25W87 | 0030 | HSX |
spotless location: N18W85 SWPC counts the spots of AR S8389 |
|||||
| 13260 | 2023.03.18 2023.03.19 |
2 | 11 | 3 | N23W46 | 0140 | HAX | CSO |
 |
 |
area: 0180 |
| 13265 | 2023.03.20 2023.03.26 |
9 | 16 | 9 | N19W30 | 0050 | DSO | DAI |
 |
 |
area: 0220 location: N20W31 |
| 13262 | 2023.03.21 2023.03.22 |
1 | 9 | 3 | S19W08 | 0100 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
area: 0160 location: S18W07 |
| 13263 | 2023.03.22 2023.03.24 |
8 | 19 | 13 | N18W54 | 0100 | DAO | DRI |
 |
 |
|
| S8388 | 2023.03.22 | S21E06 | |||||||||
| 13264 | 2023.03.23 2023.03.24 |
1 | 9 | 3 | N15E18 | 0050 | HSX | CSO |
 |
 |
location: N15E19 area: 0090 |
| S8391 | 2023.03.23 | S12W11 | |||||||||
| S8392 | 2023.03.23 | S23W24 |
 |
||||||||
| S8398 | 2023.03.25 | 5 | N18W05 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S8399 | 2023.03.26 | 4 | 2 | N14W26 | 0010 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S8400 | 2023.03.26 | 7 | 4 | N09E55 | 0020 | BXO |
 |
 |
|||
| S8405 | 2023.03.27 | 4 | 3 | S06W17 | 0020 | DRO |
 |
 |
|||
| S8406 | 2023.03.27 | 2 | 1 | S17E58 | 0008 | AXX |
 |
 |
|||
| S8407 | 2023.03.27 | 3 | S22E12 | 0005 | BXO |
 |
 |
||||
| S8408 | 2023.03.28 | 1 | 1 | N12E72 | 0007 | HRX |
 |
||||
| S8409 | 2023.03.28 | 7 | 4 | S23E37 | 0020 | CRO |
 |
||||
| Total spot count: | 34 | 133 | 66 | ||||||||
| Sunspot number: | 114 | 293 | 206 | (total spot count + 10 * number of spotted regions) | |||||||
| Weighted SN: | 79 | 180 | 113 | (Sum of total spot count + classification weighting for each AR. Classification weighting: X=0, R=3, A/S=5, H/K=10) | |||||||
| Relative sunspot number (Wolf number): | 125 | 161 | 165 | ||||||||
| Month | Average solar flux | International sunspot number (WDC-SILSO) |
Smoothed sunspot number (4) | Average ap (3) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measured | 1 AU | ||||
| 2014.02 | 170.3 (cycle peak) |
166.3 | 146.1 (SC24 peak) | 110.5 | 10.70 |
| 2014.04 | 143.9 | 144.8 | 112.5 | 116.4 (SC24 solar max) | 7.88 |
| 2017.09 | 91.3 | 92.3 | 43.6 | 18.2 (-1.3) | 18.22 (SC24 peak) |
| 2019.11 | 70.2 | 68.7 | 0.5 | 2.0 (-0.6) (Solar minimum using 365d smoothing: November 17, 2019) |
4.19 |
| 2019.12 | 70.8 | 68.6 | 1.6 | 1.8 (-0.2) (ISN 13 months smoothed solar minimum) |
3.22 |
| 2021.08 | 77.7 | 79.7 | 22.0 | 35.4 (+4.0) | 6.19 |
| 2021.09 | 87.0 | 88.2 | 51.3 | 40.2 (+4.8) | 6.33 |
| 2021.10 | 88.9 | 88.3 | 37.4 | 45.2 (+5.0) | 7.38 |
| 2021.11 | 86.2 | 84.4 | 34.8 | 50.8 (+5.6) | 9.83 |
| 2021.12 | 103.0 | 99.8 | 67.5 | 55.9 (+5.1) | 6.40 |
| 2022.01 | 103.8 | 100.5 | 55.3 | 60.1 (+4.2) | 8.92 |
| 2022.02 | 109.1 | 106.5 | 60.9 | 64.7 (+4.6) | 10.46 |
| 2022.03 | 117.0 | 115.8 | 78.6 | 68.7 (+4.0) | 10.20 |
| 2022.04 | 130.8 | 131.7 | 84.0 | 73.0 (+4.3) | 11.79 |
| 2022.05 | 133.8 | 136.8 | 96.5 | 77.2 (+4.2) | 7.48 |
| 2022.06 | 116.1 | 119.8 | 70.3 | 80.9 (+3.7) | 8.20 |
| 2022.07 | 125.4 | 129.5 | 91.4 | 86.5 (+5.6) | 9.51 |
| 2022.08 | 114.2 | 117.1 | 74.6 | 92.3 (+5.8) | 10.92 |
| 2022.09 | 135.1 | 136.5 | 96.0 | (97.0 projected, +4.7) | 12.18 |
| 2022.10 | 133.5 | 132.7 | 95.4 | (100.2 projected, +3.2) | 11.16 |
| 2022.11 | 123.4 | 120.7 | 77.6 | (103.0 projected, +2.8) | 9.33 |
| 2022.12 | 147.9 | 143.4 | 113.1 | (107.8 projected, +4.8) | 10.99 |
| 2023.01 | 182.4 | 176.6 | 143.6 | (113.8 projected, +6.0) | 8.73 |
| 2023.02 | 167.2 | 163.2 | 110.9 | (118.9 projected, +5.1) | 14.48 (current SC25 peak) |
| 2023.03 | 159.2 (1) | 99.7 (2A) / 110.4 (2B) / 138.0 (2C) | (122.0 projected, +3.1) | (14.5) | |
| 2023.04 | (127.4 projected, +5.4) | ||||
| 2023.05 | (133.2 projected, +5.8) | ||||
| 2023.06 | (136.4 projected, +3.2) | ||||
| 2023.07 | (135.9 projected, -0.5) | ||||
| 2023.08 | (136.9 projected, +1.0) | ||||
| 2023.11 | (142.5 projected max SC25) | ||||
1) Running average based on the daily 20:00 UTC observed solar flux value at 2800 MHz
and any corrections applied to that measurement.
2A) Current impact on the monthly sunspot number based on the Boulder (NOAA/SWPC) sunspot number (accumulated daily sunspots / month days).
2B) Boulder SN current month average to date.
2C) STAR SDO 1K Wolf number 30 day average.
3) Running average based on the quicklook and definitive Potsdam WDC ap indices. Values in red
are based on the definitive international
GFZ Potsdam WDC ap indices.
4) Source: SIDC-SILSO.
This report has been prepared by Jan Alvestad. It is based on the analysis of data from whatever sources are available at the time the report is prepared. All time references are to Universal Time. Comments and suggestions are always welcome.
SDO images are courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams.
